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Question: Summarize the results of the relevant self-assessments in your learning journal. Answer: Leadership Leadership is viewed differently by different people globally and occurs under different circumstances. Individual have been part of leadership in some way. Leadership is the ability to lead. Leadership can be inborne as well as acquired through practice. For example, it could be political related, community, religious or organizational leadership. Despite its ubiquity, leadership plays an important role in all aspects of todays society. Research exploring about leadership has been discussed by theorist and practitioners in the past decades. In fact, writers have in their lifetime been striving to identify characteristics of what good leadership is. By late 1960s, it evidently became clear that no exclusive leadership style for all situations was available. There are historical definitions of leadership as well as theories. Older theories are addressed by three level model which include Public, Private and Personal leadership. Scouller (2011), referred Public leadership as the simultaneous actions that leaders take to influence a group of people and Private leadership as dealing with individual separately due to their diverse characteristics, while Personal leadership as the overall behavior of a leader. According to Gachter et all., (2012), in order to reach an ultimate goal, a leader works closely and alongside those they lead. Therefore, in the following paragraphs, I will discuss various areas pertaining to leade rship in an organization. In regard to companies, leadership is determined by culture and goals that are set by an organization. Organization offer different leadership styles depending on tasks allocated to different departments and their needs; Autocratic, Participative, Transactional and Transformational. However, to understand how effective leadership is achieved, the problems in an organization have implications and must be addressed through training. Participative leadership, values the contribution of all the stakeholders but the final decision rests entirely to the participative leader. The missions in an organization are defined by leaders, but leaders must as well coordinate all activities and motive others to achieve the mission requirements. Additionally, the interaction between the team leader and the team must be constant. The efforts of the members are appreciated and respected by their leaders. This serves as an indication that a team is comprised of a leader and his team mates who are supportive and committed towards achieving their objectives. Mullins Constable (2013) states that it is important for team work in an institution. Transactional leadership, rewards or punishes team members based on how they perform. For example, an organization rewarding employee of the year by given them vouchers to shop anywhere that suits them best. Managers using transactional leadership must be in a position to formulate a plan and implement the plan that works in the systems that are already in existence within an institution and which leads to motivating others. As a result, employees who are motivated by their leaders show creativity enhancement. However, the relationship between the leaders and employees become tense when leaders adopt the behavior of monitoring and controlling employees (Zhou Ren, 2011). Transformational leadership, depends on the level of communication from the management to employees. Hence, for the success of an institution, communication is paramount. The discussions and debates surrounding transformational leadership are still ongoing but just to mention a few. Transformational leaders stimulate interest among employees, motivate and empower them. Transformational leadership looks at ways leaders motivate employees through communication and engaging them in the process of work. Sarros et al. (2008), indicates that transformational leadership is connected with environment and that it contributes in transforming behaviors, activates identification as well as social identification with the group. For example, a leader delegates smaller tasks while they focus on the bigger picture within the organization. Autocratic leadership, managers possess the authority and impose strict rules on employees. They are the final decision makers without the contribution of others. It is characterized by controlling, self-centered, and close-minded style of leadership (Bass, 2009). For example, Cuba is under autocratic leadership. In conclusion, leadership is dynamic and it is based on the relationship between the leaders and followers. However, for leadership growth and development, it is important to be aware of the weaknesses and strengths of a leader. Leaders, on the other hand, must learn how to motivate their employees. References Bass, B. M., Bass, R. (2009). The Bass handbook of leadership: Theory, research, and managerial applications. New York: Simon Schuster Gchter, S., Nosenzo, D., Renner, E., Sefton, M. (2012). Who Makes a Good Leader? Cooperativeness, Optimism, and Leading?By?Example.Economic Inquiry,50(4), 953-967. Mullins, C. and Constable, G. (2013). Leadership and teambuilding in primary care. Oxford: Radcliffe. Sarros, J.C., B.K. Cooper and J.C. Santora, 2008. Building a climate for innovation through transformational leadership and organizational culture. J. Leadership Organ. Stud., 15: 145-158 Scouller, J. (2011).The three levels of leadership: How to develop your leadership presence, knowhow, and skill. Management Books 2000. Zhou, J. and R. Ren, 2011. Striving for Creativity: Building Positive Context in the Workplace. In: Cameron, K.S. and G.M. Spreitzer (Eds.), Ch. 8, the Oxford Handbook of Positive Organizational Scholarship. Oxford University Press, Oxford